Introduction
Male infertility is a significant global health issue, contributing to nearly half of all infertility cases worldwide. Despite its prevalence, male infertility is often underrecognized and inadequately addressed. Andrology provides the scientific and clinical framework necessary to understand the complex causes of male infertility and implement effective treatment strategies.
Causes of Male Infertility
Male infertility can result from a variety of factors, including hormonal imbalances, genetic abnormalities, varicocele, infections, testicular trauma, and environmental exposures. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption, and chronic stress further impair sperm production and quality.
Diagnostic Evaluation
The diagnostic process begins with a thorough medical history and physical examination, followed by semen analysis. Advanced diagnostics may include hormonal profiling, genetic testing, erotic testing, scrotal ultrasonography, and sperm DNA fragmentation testing. These tools allow for precise identification of underlying causes.
Treatment Approaches
Treatment strategies are individualized and may include hormonal therapy, surgical intervention, lifestyle modification, antioxidant supplementation, or assisted reproductive technologies. The goal of andrological treatment is to restore natural fertility whenever possible.
Conclusion
Male infertility is frequently treatable with appropriate andrological care. Early diagnosis and personalized treatment significantly improve reproductive outcomes.